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英語(yǔ)說(shuō)明文范文
相信大家都不可避免地會(huì)接觸到作文吧，特別是作為主要學(xué)習(xí)作文類別之一的說(shuō)明文，說(shuō)明文寫(xiě)作的目的就是要告訴讀者某個(gè)事物或某個(gè)事物的某方面的知識(shí)。那么大家知道優(yōu)秀的說(shuō)明文是怎么寫(xiě)的嗎？以下是小編精心整理的英語(yǔ)說(shuō)明文范文，供大家參考借鑒，希望可以幫助到有需要的朋友。
英語(yǔ)說(shuō)明文范文1
Write an expository essay on the problems man will be faced with in the new century.
In the new century, human beings will be filled with hope and live more advanced life. What used to be depicted in science fictions can be the reality of the near future. However, man will also have to confront with some problems that will curtail(剝奪)human beings of their existence.
First of all, pollution of all forms such as land pollution, noise pollution, air pollution and water pollution are worsening with each passing day. People complain all over the world that it is becoming harder to breathe and water is turning undrinkable. Also forests are being felled at a very fast rate. The pollutions are getting so terrible that in some countries we can’t find clean and clear rivers and white clouds in the sky! When the children draw a picture of their surroundings, they paint the green trees in gray, the red sun in gray, everything in gray, and they can’t find a pure environment except in the books.
Additionally, the explosion of population in some parts of the world is manifesting its terrible results. Human beings wil1 have outgrown the earth’s resources, and people will run a high risk of starvation and diseases resulting from overcrowding. In due course, man would be forced out of the earth if the present trend were not reversed.
What is more, in the past century we had many disastrous wars. But there is still potential that the atomic bomb will be used by some politicians in order to keep regional hegemony. If it should happen, the exp1osion could easily lead to the destruction of civilization.
More seriously, the depersonalization of human relationships and the weakening of spiritual values are aggravating due to the stress caused by the busy schedules and the extreme pursuit of money. This will further contribute to man’s isolation and loneliness.
Apparently, with all these problems facing human beings, it seems to be overwhelmingly urgent to conquer them one by one because we have only one earth and it is our home. In the new century, we must try our best to heal the world and make it a better place for you, for me and for the children who will come to this world.
英語(yǔ)說(shuō)明文范文2
Showing respect to parents is one of the Chinese traditional moral most of the students today are “the only child” in their family, they often regard themselves as the“centre”of the family, without caring much about their parents. Our school started a programme when the new year is “Respecting parents programme”. Ten“Do＇s”have been worked out for the students to follow clearly and easily, including:
“Remember your parents＇birthdays and express your best wishes to them; say”hello“to your parents when you see them returning home; and tell your parents where you go when you leave home.”
The programme has been successful, and has won praises from parents and other sides of the society. People say this is what we should have done earlier!
英語(yǔ)說(shuō)明文范文3
It goes without saying that english plays an important role in our modern society. english is an international language. wherever you go, you can hear english spoken by many people.
From this point of view, it is true that english is important to our daily life. learning english is like learning to swim or learning to play ball. our primary trouble is that we have tackled the study of language from the wrong end. we are like theman who thinks he can learn to swim only by reading books about swimming. in actuality, we learn by doing. the grammatical rules are valuable as we plunge into the language and need some assistance. in the same way, advanced instructions about swimming are helpful as we learn something from actual experience in the water. but reading books never makes a swimmer and learning rules never makes a practical linguist. the regular procedure in learning english involves listening first, to be followed by speaking. then comes reading, and finally the writing of the language. the way you learn english is much the same as the way you learned your own language.
First of all you must listen and then repeat and repeat until you can use the language easily. in other words, you have to build up language habits in english just as you build up english habits in your own language. to sum up, we must bear in mind that nobody can learn to swim for you. nobody can learn to play ball for you. nobody can learn english for you. it's up to you. you must learn for yourself and you will learn if you really want to and are willing to practice.
英語(yǔ)說(shuō)明文范文4
Huge population is one of the main problems in China. Since the 1970’s the Chinese government adopted a policy of family planning---- single-child policy---- as a basic state policy to solve this problem. Until now, this birth control policy is still implanted in our country and both positive and negative effects have been harvested.
With the adoption of the family planning policy, the rate of population growth has been successfully controlled. This has already brought about some satisfactory results in China. For one thing, people’s living standard has been greatly improved with our country becoming more and more prosperous, and our national economy developed steadily. Furthermore, with decreasing population, the problem of shortage of water in parts of China is solved gradually. In addition, with the low rate of birth, it goes with less energy consumption, which will benefit the overall development of our economy. Moreover, this policy has greatly reduced the financial burdens of the parents who have otherwise had more children, enabling them to focus their resources on the single child’s well-being and education.
However, the implementing of this policy also brings about some problems. First of all, as there is only one child in a family, the child becomes “l(fā)ittle emperor” or “l(fā)ittle empress” of the family, surrounded by parents and grandparents. The spoiled child can get whatever he likes and discards whatever he dislikes. This phenomenon is more popular in large cities will do great harm to the children themselves. They don’t cherish what they have got because they can easily get whatever they would like to. Worse still, in the future when they grow up, they might feel very difficult to adjust to the society or cope with the adversity. Some people also show great concern that when the single children get married, the couple have to take care of 4 old people.
While admitting that single-child policy does bring some negative effects on the single child, we must take it for granted that it has benefited and will continue to benefit the country. Therefore, we should carry it one and at the same time adopt some measures to avoid the adverse consequences the policy may produce.
英語(yǔ)說(shuō)明文范文5
somethingyoumustknowthislibraryisandenglishlanguageteachingandlearninglibrary.ifyouwant
toborrowsomebooks,youmustfilloutalibraryapplicationformandputitin
theboxonthelibrariansdesk.becauseofthelargenumberofapplicationswe
receiveeachweek,youmustwaitoneweek.pleasebringyourstudentorworkcard
topickupyourlibrarycard.libraryapplicationformswhicharenotpickedup
within2monthswillbediscardedandyouwillhavetoreapply.
英語(yǔ)說(shuō)明文范文6
論文關(guān)鍵詞： 大學(xué)英語(yǔ)專業(yè) 精讀課 說(shuō)明文教學(xué)
論文摘 要： 根據(jù)《高等學(xué)校英語(yǔ)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱》對(duì)精讀課教學(xué)的要求，以及英語(yǔ)說(shuō)明文的語(yǔ)篇模式的描述，作者提出，在大學(xué)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)精讀課說(shuō)明文教學(xué)實(shí)踐中，應(yīng)該著重抓住文章的語(yǔ)篇模式、組織結(jié)構(gòu)、語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)、寫(xiě)作技巧及修辭手段五個(gè)方面。作者認(rèn)為，只有不斷探索和創(chuàng)新，才能不斷提高大學(xué)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)精讀課說(shuō)明文教學(xué)的水平。
一、引言
20xx年新頒布的《高等學(xué)校英語(yǔ)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱》附錄I對(duì)基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)（即本文中精讀課教學(xué)）的要求是“培養(yǎng)和提高學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)的能力。本課程主要通過(guò)語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練與篇章講解分析，使學(xué)生逐步提高語(yǔ)篇閱讀能力，了解英語(yǔ)各種文體的表達(dá)方式和特點(diǎn)”。而通過(guò)長(zhǎng)期的大學(xué)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)精讀課教學(xué)的實(shí)踐，筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)，很多時(shí)候課堂教學(xué)還停留在字、詞、句的理解與運(yùn)用上，而很少有人從宏觀上系統(tǒng)地把握文章的脈絡(luò)，包括文章的主題、結(jié)構(gòu)、作者創(chuàng)作的意向，以及不同體裁的表達(dá)方式、特點(diǎn)等，這樣帶來(lái)的結(jié)果往往是學(xué)生在語(yǔ)篇分析能力和綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言能力方面相對(duì)欠缺。根據(jù)《教學(xué)大綱》的要求，筆者在精讀課教學(xué)中引進(jìn)了體裁的概念，從語(yǔ)篇分析的高度對(duì)說(shuō)明文課文進(jìn)行宏觀與微觀分析，在說(shuō)明文教學(xué)上進(jìn)行了一些探索，通過(guò)實(shí)踐，筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)，這樣的教學(xué)方式在提高學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)的能力的同時(shí)，也提高了大學(xué)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)精讀課說(shuō)明文教學(xué)的整體水平。
二、大學(xué)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)精讀課課文所涉及的體裁及說(shuō)明文語(yǔ)篇模式 說(shuō)明文是描述某一事物，事由或過(guò)程的文章。它用于說(shuō)明客觀事物的特點(diǎn)和性能，或介紹某種操作程序，或解釋某種抽象概念，或闡明某種科學(xué)原理，或探究某些自然現(xiàn)象及社會(huì)現(xiàn)象等，完全是就事論事的描述，所以也稱事實(shí)性或技術(shù)性的描寫(xiě)文。把握所說(shuō)明的事物的特征和本質(zhì)是理解說(shuō)明文的關(guān)鍵。詞典、論文、實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告、產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明、廣告都屬于這類體裁。說(shuō)明文是學(xué)生、科學(xué)家、專業(yè)人員常用的一種體裁。說(shuō)明文按照邏輯推理的方法闡述事物的發(fā)展過(guò)程和展示事物的關(guān)系。
語(yǔ)篇模式就是語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)在的修辭結(jié)構(gòu)（rhetorical structure）。它與文章的體裁有著密不可分的關(guān)系，體裁結(jié)構(gòu)在語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)層面上對(duì)語(yǔ)篇的形成具有制約作用，那么語(yǔ)篇的組織模式必然也要受到體裁的制約（Yang Xuemei，20xx）。
說(shuō)明文語(yǔ)篇模式宏觀結(jié)構(gòu)上常采用“問(wèn)題—解決型”、“一般—特殊型”、“匹配比較型”語(yǔ)篇分析模式。第一種思維模式的程序是：首先說(shuō)明情況，然后出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，隨后作出反應(yīng)，采取的反應(yīng)可能解決了問(wèn)題，也可能沒(méi)有或沒(méi)有完全解決問(wèn)題，最后對(duì)此作出相應(yīng)的評(píng)價(jià)。而第二種思維模式則通常表現(xiàn)為兩種形式：一種是先概括后舉例，另一種是先講整體輪廓，后說(shuō)諸多細(xì)節(jié)。第三種思維模式通常是以英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的民族用來(lái)比較兩個(gè)事物的相同之處或?qū)Ρ炔煌幩褂玫囊环N思維模式，這種語(yǔ)篇模式常用來(lái)比較事物異同。比較事物相似之處稱為“匹配相容”（matching compatibility），比較事物差異則稱為“匹配對(duì)比”（matching contrast）。人們常用這種思維模式來(lái)比較兩個(gè)事物的相同之處和不同之處，先提出論點(diǎn)，再進(jìn)行論證。這種語(yǔ)篇形式一般存在于較長(zhǎng)的語(yǔ)篇中，常與一般特殊型組成復(fù)雜的思維模式。其表現(xiàn)形式為：重復(fù)法、詞匯關(guān)聯(lián)法和排比法三種（Yang Xuemei，20xx）。
根據(jù)說(shuō)明文的定義及說(shuō)明文的語(yǔ)篇分析模式，在課堂教學(xué)實(shí)踐中，教師應(yīng)注意說(shuō)明文的三個(gè)方面。
1.語(yǔ)篇模式
在《現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語(yǔ)》教材1—3冊(cè)已學(xué)過(guò)的文章中有三篇說(shuō)明文文章，涉及“一般—特殊型”和“問(wèn)題—解決型”兩種語(yǔ)篇模式。
2.組織結(jié)構(gòu)
說(shuō)明文一般包括三部分：引言、正文和結(jié)論。
3.寫(xiě)作目的
說(shuō)明文的寫(xiě)作目的是解釋說(shuō)明客觀事物的特點(diǎn)和性能，例如：介紹某種操作程序，解釋某種抽象概念，闡明某種科學(xué)原理，或探究某些自然現(xiàn)象及社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，等等，其寫(xiě)作目的決定了說(shuō)明文的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)、寫(xiě)作手法及修辭手段的使用。
根據(jù)以上說(shuō)明文的定義及說(shuō)明文語(yǔ)篇模式的分析、說(shuō)明文教學(xué)的描述及《高等學(xué)校英語(yǔ)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱》對(duì)精讀課教學(xué)的要求，筆者認(rèn)為，在大學(xué)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)精讀課說(shuō)明文教學(xué)實(shí)踐中，應(yīng)該著重抓住以下幾個(gè)方面：說(shuō)明文的語(yǔ)篇模式、組織結(jié)構(gòu)、語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)、寫(xiě)作技巧及修辭手段。下面筆者根據(jù)大學(xué)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)精讀課教材《現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語(yǔ)》中出現(xiàn)的說(shuō)明文體裁語(yǔ)篇模式，針對(duì)以上幾個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容作進(jìn)一步的分析和探討。
三、大學(xué)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)精讀課說(shuō)明文教學(xué)
1.說(shuō)明文的語(yǔ)篇分析模式和組織結(jié)構(gòu)
不管說(shuō)明文文章屬于哪種語(yǔ)篇模式，一般包括三部分：引言：作者闡明要說(shuō)明的問(wèn)題；正文：呈現(xiàn)證據(jù)來(lái)支持其觀點(diǎn)；結(jié)論：重申觀點(diǎn)或得出結(jié)論。
例如：第二冊(cè)第九課“Quick Fix Society”和第三冊(cè)第一課“Your College Years”屬于“一般—例證型”（Generalization—exmaple）體裁結(jié)構(gòu)，這種體裁結(jié)構(gòu)模式符合中國(guó)學(xué)生的思維模式，學(xué)生掌握和操作起來(lái)比較容易。其特點(diǎn)是先把要表達(dá)的思想概括成段落的主題句或全文的立證句，然后舉例說(shuō)明或交代細(xì)節(jié)。
在“Quick Fix Society”中，作者通過(guò)作者夫婦真實(shí)的一次度假來(lái)回路程上的經(jīng)歷，對(duì)比走高速公路去西弗吉尼亞和回來(lái)時(shí)穿越鄉(xiāng)村走完全不同的路線而帶來(lái)的完全不同的感受，從而作者開(kāi)始思考這樣的問(wèn)題：美國(guó)已經(jīng)在社會(huì)的很多方面成為一個(gè)追求快節(jié)奏的國(guó)家，這是文章的主題句。然后作者進(jìn)一步從三個(gè)具體方面詳細(xì)地闡述這種現(xiàn)象：“不等以后，只爭(zhēng)現(xiàn)在”，“不要緩慢，只求更快”，“不求透徹，只重表面”。最后作者向美國(guó)的同胞發(fā)出號(hào)召，讓大家放慢腳步去充分品味大自然和人類所創(chuàng)造的美好事物，讓人們重新發(fā)現(xiàn)生活（茅風(fēng)華、孫曄，20xx）。
第二冊(cè)第十五課“The Ridle of Time”屬于問(wèn)題—解決分析模式（簡(jiǎn)稱PS模式），它是一種已被普遍討論和采用的語(yǔ)篇分析模式。 "
作者先介紹了不同科學(xué)家對(duì)時(shí)間所下的不同定義，然后回顧了人類歷史上不同時(shí)期人們所創(chuàng)造的不同計(jì)時(shí)方式，并對(duì)人體生物鐘這一現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了探討。最后，作者以時(shí)間的不可逆轉(zhuǎn)性及計(jì)時(shí)工具在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中的重要性結(jié)束全文（茅風(fēng)華、孫曄，20xx）。
2.語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)
在說(shuō)明文體裁教學(xué)中，教師除了向?qū)W生講解文章的宏觀結(jié)構(gòu)外，還必須引導(dǎo)他們分析文章的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)，掌握說(shuō)明文的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)。說(shuō)明文的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)用為詞用句準(zhǔn)確、簡(jiǎn)潔，言簡(jiǎn)意賅，層次清楚。為了引起讀者的興趣，作者也經(jīng)常使用適當(dāng)?shù)男揶o手段使文章生動(dòng)有趣。
例如：“The Ridle of Time”是一篇科普文章，本文語(yǔ)言上一個(gè)突出的特點(diǎn)就是通俗易懂：在措辭上，除了個(gè)別專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)外，文章沒(méi)有什么晦澀生僻的`大詞難詞，而是常用詞；在句式上，也是簡(jiǎn)潔明了，而不像法律或?qū)I(yè)科技文體那樣句子冗長(zhǎng)復(fù)雜（茅風(fēng)華、孫曄，20xx）。
3.寫(xiě)作手法
說(shuō)明事物的方法很多，具體主要有定義法、分類法、解釋法、比較法、比喻法、圖表法、引用法和舉例法等。
例如：在“Quick Fix Society”中，作者使用了對(duì)比法（comparison and contrast）和舉例法（illustation）。在“The Ridle of Time”中，作者使用了定義法（definition）：文章一開(kāi)始作者提出了問(wèn)題“What is time?”，然后作者列舉了不同科學(xué)家對(duì)時(shí)間所下的不同定義。
4.修辭手段
為使文章更加形象生動(dòng)、簡(jiǎn)單明了和富有說(shuō)服力，作者經(jīng)常使用各種修辭手段。說(shuō)明文中經(jīng)常使用的修辭手段有：修辭問(wèn)句、重復(fù)、排比、對(duì)比等。
例如：在“Your College Years”中，作者在文章開(kāi)始使用了三個(gè)修辭問(wèn)句來(lái)引出所討論的話題。排比修辭中包含了詞語(yǔ)、詞組、句子及從句的排列使用。另外，作者還使用了對(duì)照（antithesis）、轉(zhuǎn)喻（metonymy）、對(duì)比（contrst）等。
通過(guò)以上對(duì)說(shuō)明文的分析，為學(xué)生理清了此類語(yǔ)篇脈絡(luò)，總結(jié)出了說(shuō)明文的結(jié)構(gòu)模式及語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)、所使用的修辭手段和寫(xiě)作技巧。
四、大學(xué)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)精讀課散文教學(xué)教學(xué)效果評(píng)述
筆者認(rèn)為，嘗試說(shuō)明文體裁教學(xué)會(huì)產(chǎn)生以下教學(xué)效果。
第一，培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生的體裁意識(shí)，增強(qiáng)了他們對(duì)說(shuō)明文體裁的分析和理解能力。
第二，提高了學(xué)生對(duì)說(shuō)明文的閱讀能力。通過(guò)說(shuō)明文范文的閱讀，學(xué)生能總結(jié)出說(shuō)明文體裁的內(nèi)容圖式和結(jié)構(gòu)圖式，這樣在以后的閱讀中，學(xué)生會(huì)運(yùn)用頭腦里已經(jīng)形成的圖式結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)此類體裁的語(yǔ)篇進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析，從而掌握它們的體裁結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)言特征。通過(guò)這種方式，可以不斷提高學(xué)生的閱讀自信心和閱讀興趣，從而有效地提高他們的閱讀能力。
第三，在說(shuō)明文教學(xué)過(guò)程中，教師通過(guò)層層分析，使學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)和掌握了說(shuō)明文類型文章的模式，增強(qiáng)了學(xué)生的寫(xiě)作能力。當(dāng)學(xué)生寫(xiě)作時(shí)，已經(jīng)掌握的語(yǔ)篇模式會(huì)給他們提供了參考和借鑒。有了這種模式，學(xué)生大腦里就有一個(gè)非常清晰的邏輯順序。他們能夠恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用語(yǔ)篇架構(gòu)，把內(nèi)容組織得有條有理，使整篇文章讀起來(lái)非常順暢，寫(xiě)出的英語(yǔ)文章就非常地道。
第四，說(shuō)明文教學(xué)不僅提高了學(xué)生對(duì)說(shuō)明文的閱讀鑒賞能力和寫(xiě)作能力，而且有助于培養(yǎng)他們對(duì)其他體裁作品的閱讀、欣賞和評(píng)論的能力。
第五，說(shuō)明文體裁教學(xué)還改變了學(xué)生的傳統(tǒng)角色。學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)由被動(dòng)接受變?yōu)橹鲃?dòng)探取后，可以提高他們的學(xué)習(xí)積極性，鍛煉他們自主學(xué)習(xí)的能力。
五、結(jié)語(yǔ)
在大學(xué)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)精讀課英語(yǔ)說(shuō)明文教學(xué)中，筆者認(rèn)為，教師從說(shuō)明文的語(yǔ)篇分析模式入手，幫助學(xué)生理清說(shuō)明文的宏觀結(jié)構(gòu)，然后總結(jié)出說(shuō)明文的結(jié)構(gòu)模式及語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)、所使用的修辭手段和寫(xiě)作技巧。這樣，既培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生的體裁意識(shí)，增強(qiáng)了他們對(duì)說(shuō)明文體裁的分析和理解能力，又提高了學(xué)生對(duì)說(shuō)明文的閱讀能力。
參考文獻(xiàn)： ［2］胡倩.“體裁教學(xué)法”與大學(xué)英語(yǔ)閱讀教學(xué)［J］.蘇州鐵道師范學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)，20xx，（1）：113-116.
［3］茅風(fēng)華，孫曄.現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（精讀2課文輔導(dǎo)）［M］.北京：世圖音像電子出版，20xx：242，413-414.
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